The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. In installation, most of the substations are involved with dynamic of the voltage level of electrical provide stepping up or stepping down. Substations are an important part of the power system. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Jul 28, 20 these are also referred to ehv substations.
These substations transform electricity between 2 kv, 33 kv and 11 kv. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. An automatic grounding switch may be designed to closeinto. These days gas insulated substations are built for high voltage systems. An automatic grounding switch may be designed to closeinto an energized line in order to trip a breaker at the other end. Stepdown transmission substations are located at switching points in an electrical grid. In terms of technology, however, it is an eternity.
Edms, printed to an electronic drawing set adobe pdf and issued to the project. Nov 15, 2016 fundamentals of substations for nonengineers. This document outlines the primary design standard for transgrid substations. Aug 25, 2011 the assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristic e. To better understand the importance of electrical substations, lets start with a discussion about the structure of the power systems and their main components. This manual offers the most current guidelines available on analysis methods, structural loads, deflection criteria, member and connection design, structure testing, quality control, quality assurance. Substation, its function and types an electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries etc. Substations program 37 program overview program description this program helps substation owners enhance safety, reliability, equipment life, and performance, as well as maximize the return on asset investments despite limited resources. Safety awareness for substations incident prevention. The continuity of supply depends to a considerable extent upon the successful operation of substations. Introduction to substations annotated instructors guide module overview this module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an introduction to typical substation components included. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Jan risla is a senior project manager at power engineers with over 30 years experience in the power delivery industry.
Benefits of pd diagnosis on gis condition assessment. Digital substations enabling a stronger, smarter and greener grid. These are the most commonly used transformer types for all the applications. These are also known as a 66kv substation, 2kv substation, 220kv substation, and 400kv substation etc. Types of substations substations may be categorized as distribution substations, transmission substations, switching substations, or any combination thereof. A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the. Design of power substation authorstream presentation. The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristic e. Secondary substations receive power at 6633kv which is stepped down usually to 11kv. Substation types distribution substation located near to the endusers changes the transmission or subtransmission voltage to lower levels for endusers distribution voltages varies from 34,500y19,920 v to 4,160y2400 v blast and burn generally associated with fault current. Westinghouse application for the control and protection of power cir cuits for fans, pumps, lighting and machines at 208, 240, 480 or 600 volts ac.
For all the power system operations, substations are required for their course of action. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 1. What is substation types of substation classification on types of substation substation parts and equipment 3. Transformers and substations a hundred years is nothing compared with the length of time man has been roaming the earth.
The power transformer, circuit breaker, busbar, insulator, lightning arrester are the main components of an electrical substation. Manual ground switches should only be closed after a potential test. Generally substations are unattended, relying on scada for remote supervision and control. The electrical substation is the part of a power system in which the voltage is transformed from high to low or low to high for transmission, distribution, transformation and switching. Here we discuss different types of transformers are the step up and step down transformer, distribution transformer, potential transformer, power transformer, 1. Cables in electrical energy systems the first modern according to todays views a 10 kv cable line was built in 1890.
Substation structure design guide provides a comprehensive resource for the structural design of outdoor electrical substation structures. Components and substations for electrical transmission and. The following are types of substations based on locality. The following current and former members of the substation subcommittee of the nreca. As we told you on an earlier post, electric substations are a vital element in the electricity grid. Via inplace elevation of substation structures and equipment pdf.
The following are the important points which must be kept in view while laying out a substation. Distribution substations distribution substations are usually characterized by voltages up to 230 kv on the primary side and on the low side the voltages are typically, 12. May 15, 2018 electrical substation now days the electrical power demand is increasing very rapidly. Appendix c table of contents substation drawings singer substation drawing no. One design tendency is to reduce costs by reducing the number of substations and taking advantage of economies of scale. What is the rating of your substation and what are the. Available for secondary unit substations through 2000 kva at 480 or 600 volts or kva at 208 or 240 volts. This course focuses on distribution substation fundamentals, including physical arrangement, the use of potential and current transformers for indicating meters, and the use of. Configurations and characteristics of distribution substations. What is the rating of your substation and what are the different types of substations answer tarun aggarwak ymca 765kv, 400kv,220kv,2kv, 66kv,33kv,11kv. They are smaller than a national grid substation but bigger than the final distribution substations that transform the electricity from 11 kv to the 400 v or 230 v that supplies our homes or workplaces. These are called electrical device substations as a result of electrical device is that the major part wont to amendment the voltage levels.
Nowadays i typically teach people new to energized substations to put their hands in their pockets. This article discusses about a susbstation different types of substations like stepup, stepdown, distribution, underground distribution, switchyard, system. Design guide for rural substations usda rural development. Drawing title 25251400 singer substation arrangement plan 25251401 singer substation sections 1 and 2 25251402 singer substation section 3 gis enclosure 25251500 singer substation grading plan 25251501 singer substation foundation plan 25251502 singer substation. Iec 61850 standardizes the description of substation functions and how and what they should communicate and how fast that communication. The four major types of substations are explained in this article. A device that grounds each phase of a circuit or equipment. Classification of substations the substation is the medium of transferring the power from generating unit to the consumer end. Depending upon the availability of resources these stations are constructed. Jun 26, 2017 the power system is a constituent of power generation, transmission and distribution systems. Uprating and upgrading of substations abstract 110315. Electrical stations substations by purpose transformer stations switching stations converter stations compensation stations by position in es power plants transmission system switching, transformer consumption industry, distribution converters transmission, consumption rated voltages.
In the beginning of the wgs activity, we addressed a questionnaire to cigre b3 members and experts who are involved in substation business. They connect different parts of a grid and are a source for subtransmission lines or distribution lines. Not assemblies are devices which follow one function or a combination of functions in one device. Abb has been engineering and constructing substations from their very be. The power transformer, circuit breaker, busbar, insulator, lightning arrester. However, due to the complexity, very few utility employees are familiar with the complete process. The outdoor substations are constructed in the open air. It was designed by walter frederick white, city architects office and municipal council of sydney and built in 1928 by the municipal council of sydney. Conversely, practical system design and reliability. Distribution substations come in many sizes and configurations. Iem power systems is a premier supplier of electrical equipment and substation packages. Types of substation electrical substation electric. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a circuit can be switched off during normal operation by manual command and also automatically during abnormal. When abb manufactured its first substation about 100 years ago, who would have guessed what a typical substation would be like today.
Oct 22, 2016 what is substation types of substation classification on types of substation substation parts and equipment 3. The introduction chapter 1 for these design data collection guidelines contains additional information concerning. Substations definition of substations by the free dictionary. Power system structure the typical power system structure is shown in fig.
This time, we would like to make it very clear that a substation is not merely an interconnecting element for power lines as there are different types. Home technical articles substation main functions and classification primary distribution alstom 145kv gasinsulated switchgear gis f35 at the shuqaiq hv substation in saudi arabia an electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries etc. If they take their hands out of their pockets without telling me, they will be removed from class for the day. However, due to the complexity, very few utility employees are familiar with the complete process that allows these projects to be successfully completed. Uprating and upgrading of substations was established under advisory area 3 of study committee sc b3.
Provide basic understanding of protection and controls for transmission substations provide guidance on specifying protective relaying provide guidance on executing protection. Abb is a leader in power and automation technologies that enable utility and industry. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 3. They produce fields in a similar way to a national grid substation, only generally at a lower level reflecting the lower voltages and smaller sizes. These power generating stations may be hydroelectric, thermal or atomic. Electrical power substation engineering and layout electrical4u.
A small rural substation may have a nominal rating of 5 mva while an urban station may be over 200 mva. Electrical substation now days the electrical power demand is increasing very rapidly. It consists different types of equipment like transformer, generator, power cable which helps in the power transmission. Tikhodeev encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. This type of substation gets the power supply from a near producing facility.
Part 3 of the course fundamentals of modern electrical substations is concentrated on substation engineering aspects, which may be very challenging and require from utility companies engineers a very diverse knowledge and experience to address these aspects. These are like national grid substations but smaller and transform electricity between 2 kv, 33 kv and 11 kv. Transformers and substations substation evolution when. Best practices for protection and control applications for. We utilize our extensive fleet of specialized, highvoltage equipment and trained quality workforce to skillfully, swiftly and safely build substations through 500kv. Highvoltage transformer substations congressional research service 1 introduction1 the electric utility industry operates as an integrated system of generation, transmission, and distribution facilities to deliver electric power. Highvoltage transformer substations congressional research service 1 introduction1 the electric utility industry operates as an integrated system of generation, transmission, and distribution facilities to deliver electric power to consumers. Different types of transformers and their applications. The power system is a constituent of power generation, transmission and distribution systems. What are the different types of electrical substation.
This course focuses on distribution substation fundamentals, including physical arrangement, the use of potential and current transformers for indicating meters, and the use of transformers for protective relaying. In some cases a conversion of the current type takes place, commonly with. Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Fundamentals of substations for nonengineers february 2627, 2018 nashville, tn page 2 overview this course will introduce and provide nontechnical people with the basics of a substation and all the general components. Basic substation configurations and the components avo training. Feasability of a common dry type interface for gis and power cables of 52 kv and above.